Are you a Class 12 student preparing for Physics in CBSE, JEE, or NEET ? This comprehensive guide covers the latest NCERT Class 12 Physics syllabus for the 2025 session – including theory, practicals, marking scheme, and downloadable PDF.
Physics is one of the most important subjects in Class 12 Science stream, laying the foundation for engineering and medical entrance exams globally. This updated syllabus is as per the latest CBSE guidelines and is applicable for both Term I & Term II assessments.
Overview of Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26
| Particulars | Details |
|---|---|
| Subject | Physics |
| Class | 12 |
| Academic Session | 2024–25 |
| Board | CBSE (Applicable for all NCERT-based boards) |
| Total Marks (Theory) | 70 |
| Practical Exam Marks | 30 |
| Total Units | 9 |
| Total Chapters | 15 |
NCERT Class 12 Physics Syllabus – Term-wise Breakdown
Part A: Electrostatics and Current Electricity
(22 Marks)
1. Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields
- Coulomb’s law, Electric field lines
- Gauss’s theorem and its applications
2. Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
- Potential energy in an external field
- Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor
3. Chapter 3: Current Electricity
- Ohm’s law, Electrical resistivity and conductivity
- Kirchhoff’s laws and Wheatstone Bridge
Part B: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
(17 Marks)
4. Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism
- Magnetic force, Biot-Savart law
- Ampere’s circuital law, torque on a magnetic dipole
5. Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter
- Earth’s magnetism, Magnetic properties of materials
- Hysteresis, Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid
Part C: Electromagnetic Induction and Optics
(21 Marks)
6. Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction
- Faraday’s laws, Lenz’s Law
- Self and mutual induction
7. Chapter 7: Alternating Current
- RMS and peak value of alternating current
- AC generator and transformer
8. Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves
- Displacement current, Properties of EM waves
- Spectrum and its applications
9. Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
- Reflection and refraction
- Microscope and astronomical telescope
10. Chapter 10: Wave Optics
- Huygens principle, Young’s double slit experiment
- Polarization of light
Part D: Modern Physics and Electronic Devices
(10 Marks)
11. Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
- Photoelectric effect, Einstein’s equation
- de Broglie’s hypothesis
12. Chapter 12: Atoms
- Rutherford and Bohr’s models
- Hydrogen spectrum
13. Chapter 13: Nuclei
- Radioactivity, Nuclear energy
- Mass defect and binding energy
14. Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics
- Diodes, transistors
- Logic gates, Digital circuits
Marking Scheme (Theory Paper – 70 Marks)
| Type of Question | No. of Questions | Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Very Short Answer | 5 | 1 mark each |
| Short Answer I | 7 | 2 marks each |
| Short Answer II | 12 | 3 marks each |
| Long Answer | 3 | 5 marks each |
Download PDF – NCERT Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025
You can download the latest official syllabus PDF from CBSE’s academic portal or click below:
🔗 Download Class 12 Physics Syllabus PDF (2025)
CBSE Class 12 Physics Practical Exam Syllabus 2025-26
The Class 12 Physics Practical Exam is a vital component of your final board assessment, carrying 30 marks. It tests your experimental skills, observation ability, and application of theoretical concepts in real-life scenarios.
Here’s the latest CBSE Physics Practical Syllabus 2025–26, aligned with NCERT guidelines.
Total Marks: 30
| Component | Marks |
|---|---|
| Two Experiments (One from each section) | 14 |
| Practical Record (Experiment + Activities) | 4 |
| Viva based on experiments | 4 |
| Investigatory Project | 7 |
| Total | 30 |
Section A – Experiments (Any 5 to be performed)
- To determine resistance per cm of a wire using meter bridge
- To find the resistivity of a given wire using a meter bridge
- To verify Ohm’s Law and find the resistance of a given resistor
- To find the resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method
- To compare EMFs of two primary cells using potentiometer
- To determine the internal resistance of a cell using potentiometer
Section B – Experiments (Any 5 to be performed)
- To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting u–v graph
- To find the refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope
- To determine the angle of minimum deviation using prism
- To determine the wavelength of laser light by diffraction
- To find the focal length of a concave mirror using ray tracing
Activities (Demonstrations)
- To convert a galvanometer into an ammeter and voltmeter
- To study logic gates: AND, OR, NOT
- To study the variation of magnetic field with current in a circular loop
Record Keeping & Viva
- Maintain a well-documented practical file with at least 12 experiments and 6 activities
- Prepare for viva questions based on principle, procedure, and result of each experiment
Pro Tips for Scoring High in Physics Practicals
- Practice drawing diagrams and circuit symbols neatly
- Learn formulae and units for each experiment
- Revise procedures and precautions thoroughly
- Keep your record file updated and error-free
✅ Pro Tip: Practical exams are easier to score if you understand the underlying theory. Connect your lab work with NCERT chapters like Current Electricity, Optics, and Magnetism.
Want the full Physics Practical Syllabus in PDF format?
👉 Download Practical Syllabus PDF (2025–26)
Tips to Prepare for Class 12 Physics
- Follow NCERT line-by-line – especially definitions and derivations
- Solve exemplar problems & past year papers
- Use reference books like HC Verma, DC Pandey
- Make concept maps & flashcards
- Revise formulae weekly for numerical practice
Importance for JEE and NEET Aspirants
- JEE Main & Advanced: Covers nearly 40% of the Physics section
- NEET UG: Direct conceptual & numerical questions are asked
- CUET/Other Boards: Highly relevant due to NCERT alignment
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